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Quiz on Rodent Anesthesia and Analgesia

These questions were kindly donated by Dr. Victoria Hampshire, to whom I am very grateful. She sent a CD of material used by USUHS students to prepare for the board exams in 2000, including outlines of the entire blue book on anesthesia complete with questions.

Write down your answers and then go to the answers.

Questions

1.      Errors in intraperitoneal drug injections in rodents can be minimized by which of the following methods?

  1. Fasting the animal 4-8 hours prior to drug injection
  2. Fasting the animal 24 hours prior to drug injection
  3. Using a 20-22 gauge needle for injection
  4. Using a 25-26 gauge needle for injection
  5. A and C
  6. B and D

 

2.      Which of the following is FALSE concerning the use of ether in rodents?

  1. Induction of ether is unpleasant and existing respiratory disease will be exacerbated by its use.
  2. Carcasses of rodents anesthetized or euthanatized with ether should be well ventilated prior to sealing them in airtight bags for disposal or incineration.
  3. C57BL/6 mice were found to be the most resistant strain.
  4. Use of ether in guinea pigs is considered unsafe as they tend to hold their breath and salivate profusely.
  5. None of the above are FALSE.

 

3.      Which of the following is FALSE concerning the use of carbon dioxide as an anesthetic in rodents?

  1. Exposure to 100% carbon dioxide is a reliable and appropriate form of anesthesia.
  2. 70% carbon dioxide and oxygen is the optimal concentration, based on practicality and humane acceptability.
  3. Carbon dioxide is readily available, inexpensive, safe for personnel and produces rapid recovery.
  4. Lower concentrations (50%) of carbon dioxide produce an excessive time of induction, with frequent and severe side effects with moderate distress and discomfort for the animals.

 

4.      Which of the following is TRUE concerning methoxyflurane anesthetic in rodents?

  1. Methoxyflurane is poorly soluble in blood and tissues such that inductions are prolonged, making it particularly useful in neonates.
  2. Methoxyflurane is exhaled by the lung but greater than 40% is metabolized and excreted in feces.
  3. A diabetes insipidus-like syndrome has been observed in F344 rats.
  4. A and C

 

5.      Which of the following are TRUE concerning halothane anesthesia in rodents?

  1. Hepatotoxicity has been associated with halothane exposure in some rodents.
  2. The guinea pig is an animal model for acute halothane-associated hepatotoxicity.
  3. Halothane is specifically a very useful anesthetic in guinea pigs, a species in which reliable anesthesia is very difficult to obtain.
  4. A and B are TRUE
  5. All of the above are TRUE

 

6.      Which of the following statements concerning inhalant anesthesia is TRUE?

  1. Sevoflurane has blood solubility similar to nitrous oxide.
  2. Sevoflurane is degraded by soda lime in a temperature dependent manner creating a breakdown product called olefin, which is lethal in rodents at high concentrations.
  3. Isoflurane has been reported to cause transient postoperative immunosuppression in humans, which also occurs in mice.
  4. A and B are TRUE
  5. All of the above are TRUE

 

7.      Which of the following statements concerning parenteral anesthetic use in rodents is TRUE?

  1. Thiobarbiturates are irritating intravascularly and infrequently used in rodents due to difficulties in obtaining vascular access.
  2. Female mice are more sensitive to pentobarbital than male mice.
  3. EMTU, ethyl malonylthiourea, is commonly known as Avertin
  4. A and C are TRUE
  5. All of the above are TRUE

 

8.      Which of the following statements concerning neuroleptanalgesics is TRUE?

  1. Hypnorm is a combination of fentanyl and fluanisone while Innovar Vet is a combination of fentanyl and droperidol.
  2. Droperidol is a butyrophenone tranquilizer.
  3. Innovar Vet has an irritant nature which may cause tissue necrosis and self trauma to the digits following intramuscular dosing.
  4. Innovar Vet can cause muscle necrosis at the injection site in hamsters.
  5. All of the above are TRUE

 

9.      In rats, which of the following are associated with the use of a-chloralose?

  1. Seizures
  2. Thick, mucoid oral-nasal discharge
  3. Poor analgesia even at the highest dose range
  4. All are associated with chloralose

 

10.  Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the use of Althesin

  1. Composed of alphaxalone and alphadolone.
  2. This combination is categorized as a neuroleptanalgesic.
  3. Repetitive boluses are contraindicated in all species of rodents because it causes respiratory distress and pulmonary edema.
  4. A and C are FALSE
  5. B and C are FALSE

 

11.  Which of the following are TRUE concerning anesthesia in rodents?
  1. Classically, a-chloralose has been associated with gastric mucosal injury, peritonitis and adynamic ileus with intraperitoneal administration.
  2. The use of ethyl carbamate is discouraged due to its proven status as a carcinogen and mutagen in rodents and should generally be limited to nonsurvival procedures.
  3. Tribromoethanol should be stored at 4C under dark conditions to avoid decomposition.
  4. A and C are TRUE
  5. B and C are TRUE

 

12.  Which of the following statements concerning analgesia in rodents is TRUE?

  1. Oral acetaminophen in a gelatin formulation can be used orally in rats and provides potent analgesia.
  2. Buprenorphine in gelatin actually enhanced the inflammatory response and treated rats showed enhanced footpad swelling and lameness.
  3. All of the above are TRUE

 

13.  Which of the following has not been used as bolus parenteral analgesic therapy in rodents?

  1. Flunixin meglumine
  2. Phenylbutazone
  3. Tricyclic antidepressants
  4. Morphine
  5. All of the above have been used

 

14.  Which of the following is an appropriate form of anesthetic for neonatal rodents?

  1. Inhalation anesthesia
  2. Hypothermia
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. A and B

 

 

Answers below....

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answers to Rodent Anesthesia Quiz

1.            E, page 167. Reread the question

2.            E, page 170  Reread the question

3.            A, page 170  Reread the question

4.            C, page 171  Reread the question

5.            E, page 171  Reread the question

6.            E, page 172   Reread the question

7.            A, page 173; Males are more sensitive to pentobarbital.  EMTU is known as Inactin

8.            E, page 177   Reread the question

9.            D, page 179   Reread the question

10.        E, page 179-180, steroidal anesthetic also known as Saffan, repetitive boluses are contraindicated in guinea pigs only.  Reread the question

11.        E, page 181, Chloral hydrate causes adynamic ileus.  Alpha chloralose preserves baroreceptors.  Reread the question

12.        B  Reread the question

13.        E, page 186-187  Reread the question

14.        D, according to the blue book and the literature.  Reread the question

If you didn't get at least 10 questions correct, you wouldn't have passed this if it was the real thing.

 

©1999, Janet Becker Rodgers, DVM, MS

All rights reserved.

Comments? Send an email to rodgers@uky.edu