Last modified on June 6, 2010

Viral Diseases

Drawing showing relative structure and size of viruses

Table of inclusion bodies by viral species

Viral envelopes

Viral envelopes are partially derived from the host cell membrane, and partially consist of viral components such as glycoproteins. The viral glycoproteins recognize binding sites on the host cells. Usually, enveloped viruses bud from the host cell, leaving the host cell alive and therefore able to shed more viruses. The envelope, because of its lipid bilayer, renders the viral particles more susceptible to dessication and killing by heat and detergents. Therefore, enveloped viruses usually transmit by direct contact and have limited viability in the environment.

Among DNA viruses, only the large ones (herpes, pox, and hepadna) are enveloped. Most of the pathogenic RNA viruses are enveloped; only orthoreoviruses (rota and reo) are non-enveloped.

Viral Inclusion bodies

Family	Virus	Site of inclusions	Color/stain	Organ
Adenovirus	ICH	IN		Hepatocytes, glomeruli
	Guinea pig adenovirus	IN	Ampho or basophilic	Nasal mucosa, respiratory epithelium
	NHP adenovirus	IN		Intestine, lung
	Pheasant adenovirus	IN		Spleen
Betaherpes (CMV)	Mouse CMV	IN		Cervical salivary glands
	Betaherpes (cytomegalovirus)	IN and IC	Basophilic/eosinophilic	Mesenchymal cells
	G. pig CMV	IN and IC	Eosinophilic	Salivary gland ducts
	Hamster CMV	IN and IC		Salivary gland acini

Herpes	Mouse thymic virus	IN		Thymus, salivary glands
	Herpes simiae	IN	Eosino to basophilic	Oral, genital, conjunctival
	Simian varicella	IN	Eosino Cowdry A	Skin, lung, GI, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
	Herpes tamarinus	IN	Eosinophilic or basophilic	Many
	Herpes simplex	IN		Oral, brain, viscera
	ILT (herpes)	IN		Tracheal epithelium
	EBV in NHPs	IN	Basophilic	Epithelia (oral, genital, skin)
	FVR	IN		Respiratory epithelium
Morbillivirus	Measles	IC, IN		Epithelial cells
Papovavirus	K virus of mice	IN		Endothelium of lung & liver
	SV40	IN		Lung, oligodendroglia, renal tub. epi.
	Rabbit oral papilloma	IN	Basophilic	Ventral tongue
Parvovirus	Rat virus (parvo)	IN		hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, biliary epithelium
	K9 parvo	IN		Myocardium
Pox	Monkeypox	IC	Eosinophilic	Epidermal lesions
	Tanapox (OrTeCa, BEMP)	IC	Eosinophilic	Epidermal lesions
	Yabapox	IC	Eosinophilic	Histiocytes
	Molluscum contagiosum	IC	Basophilic	Epidermal lesions
Leporipox	Myxomatosis, rabbit	IC		Epithelial cells
	Shope fibroma, rabbit	IC	Eosinophilic	Fibroblasts in masses
Rotavirus	Infectious diarrhea of rats	IC		Distal small intestine

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